google::cloud::bigtable::Table Class Reference

The main interface to interact with data in a Cloud Bigtable table. More...

#include <google/cloud/bigtable/table.h>

Public Member Functions
	Table (std::shared_ptr< bigtable::DataConnection > conn, TableResource tr, Options options={})
	Constructs a Table object. More...
std::string const &	table_name () const
std::string const &	app_profile_id () const
std::string const &	project_id () const
std::string const &	instance_id () const
std::string const &	table_id () const
Table	WithNewTarget (std::string project_id, std::string instance_id, std::string table_id) const
	Returns a Table that reuses the connection and configuration of this Table, but with a different resource name. More...
Table	WithNewTarget (std::string project_id, std::string instance_id, std::string app_profile_id, std::string table_id) const
	Returns a Table that reuses the connection and configuration of this Table, but with a different resource name. More...
Status	Apply (SingleRowMutation mut, Options opts={})
	Attempts to apply the mutation to a row. More...
future< Status >	AsyncApply (SingleRowMutation mut, Options opts={})
	Makes asynchronous attempts to apply the mutation to a row. More...
std::vector< FailedMutation >	BulkApply (BulkMutation mut, Options opts={})
	Attempts to apply mutations to multiple rows. More...
future< std::vector< FailedMutation > >	AsyncBulkApply (BulkMutation mut, Options opts={})
	Makes asynchronous attempts to apply mutations to multiple rows. More...
RowReader	ReadRows (RowSet row_set, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Reads a set of rows from the table. More...
RowReader	ReadRows (RowSet row_set, std::int64_t rows_limit, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Reads a limited set of rows from the table. More...
StatusOr< std::pair< bool, Row > >	ReadRow (std::string row_key, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Read and return a single row from the table. More...
StatusOr< MutationBranch >	CheckAndMutateRow (std::string row_key, Filter filter, std::vector< Mutation > true_mutations, std::vector< Mutation > false_mutations, Options opts={})
	Atomic test-and-set for a row using filter expressions. More...
future< StatusOr< MutationBranch > >	AsyncCheckAndMutateRow (std::string row_key, Filter filter, std::vector< Mutation > true_mutations, std::vector< Mutation > false_mutations, Options opts={})
	Make an asynchronous request to conditionally mutate a row. More...
StatusOr< std::vector< bigtable::RowKeySample > >	SampleRows (Options opts={})
	Sample of the row keys in the table, including approximate data sizes. More...
future< StatusOr< std::vector< bigtable::RowKeySample > > >	AsyncSampleRows (Options opts={})
	Asynchronously obtains a sample of the row keys in the table, including approximate data sizes. More...
template<typename... Args>
StatusOr< Row >	ReadModifyWriteRow (std::string row_key, bigtable::ReadModifyWriteRule rule, Args &&... rules_and_options)
	Atomically read and modify the row in the server, returning the resulting row. More...
template<typename... Args>
future< StatusOr< Row > >	AsyncReadModifyWriteRow (std::string row_key, bigtable::ReadModifyWriteRule rule, Args &&... rules_and_options)
	Make an asynchronous request to atomically read and modify a row. More...
template<typename RowFunctor , typename FinishFunctor >
void	AsyncReadRows (RowFunctor on_row, FinishFunctor on_finish, RowSet row_set, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Asynchronously reads a set of rows from the table. More...
template<typename RowFunctor , typename FinishFunctor >
void	AsyncReadRows (RowFunctor on_row, FinishFunctor on_finish, RowSet row_set, std::int64_t rows_limit, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Asynchronously reads a set of rows from the table. More...
future< StatusOr< std::pair< bool, Row > > >	AsyncReadRow (std::string row_key, Filter filter, Options opts={})
	Asynchronously read and return a single row from the table. More...
	Table (std::shared_ptr< DataClient > client, std::string const &table_id)
	Constructor with default policies. More...
	Table (std::shared_ptr< DataClient > client, std::string app_profile_id, std::string const &table_id)
	Constructor with default policies. More...
template<typename... Policies>
	Table (std::shared_ptr< DataClient > client, std::string const &table_id, Policies &&... policies)
	Constructor with explicit policies. More...
template<typename... Policies>
	Table (std::shared_ptr< DataClient > client, std::string app_profile_id, std::string const &table_id, Policies &&... policies)
	Constructor with explicit policies. More...

Friends
class	MutationBatcher

Detailed Description

The main interface to interact with data in a Cloud Bigtable table.

This class provides member functions to:

• read specific rows: Table::ReadRow()
• scan a ranges of rows: Table::ReadRows()
• update or create a single row: Table::Apply()
• update or modify multiple rows: Table::BulkApply()
• update a row based on previous values: Table::CheckAndMutateRow()
• to atomically append data and/or increment multiple values in a row: Table::ReadModifyWriteRow()
• to sample the row keys: Table::SampleRows().

The class deals with the most common transient failures, and retries the underlying RPC calls subject to the policies configured by the application. These policies are documented in Table::Table().

Thread-safety

Instances of this class created via copy-construction or copy-assignment share the underlying pool of connections. Access to these copies via multiple threads is guaranteed to work. Two threads operating concurrently on the same instance of this class is not guaranteed to work.

Cost

Creating a new object of type Table is comparable to creating a few objects of type std::string or a few objects of type std::shared_ptr<int>. The class represents a shallow handle to a remote object.

Error Handling

This class uses StatusOr<T> to report errors. When an operation fails to perform its work the returned StatusOr<T> contains the error details. If the ok() member function in the StatusOr<T> returns true then it contains the expected result. Operations that do not return a value simply return a google::cloud::Status indicating success or the details of the error Please consult the `StatusOr<T>` documentation for more details.

namespace cbt = google::cloud::bigtable;
cbt::Table = ...;
google::cloud::StatusOr<std::pair<bool, cbt::Row>> row = table.ReadRow(...);
 
if (!row) {
  std::cerr << "Error reading row\n";
  return;
}
 
// Use "row" as a smart pointer here, e.g.:
if (!row->first) {
  std::cout << "Contacting the server was successful, but the row does not"
            << " exist\n";
  return;
}
std::cout << "The row has " << row->second.cells().size() << " cells\n";

In addition, the main page contains examples using StatusOr<T> to handle errors.

Retry, Backoff, and Idempotency Policies

The library automatically retries requests that fail with transient errors, and uses truncated exponential backoff to backoff between retries. The default policies are to continue retrying for up to 10 minutes. On each transient failure the backoff period is doubled, starting with an initial backoff of 100 milliseconds. The backoff period growth is truncated at 60 seconds. The default idempotency policy is to only retry idempotent operations. Note that most operations that change state are not idempotent.

The application can override these policies when constructing objects of this class. The documentation for the constructors show examples of this in action.

See also

https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/ for an overview of Cloud Bigtable.

https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/overview for an overview of the Cloud Bigtable data model.

https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/instances-clusters-nodes for an introduction of the main APIs into Cloud Bigtable.

https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/reference/service-apis-overview for an overview of the underlying Cloud Bigtable API.

google::cloud::StatusOr for a description of the error reporting class used by this library.

LimitedTimeRetryPolicy and LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy for alternative retry policies.

ExponentialBackoffPolicy to configure different parameters for the exponential backoff policy.

SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy and AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy for alternative idempotency policies.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Table() [1/5]

google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Table ( std::shared_ptr< bigtable::DataConnection >  conn, TableResource  tr, Options  options = {}  )

inlineexplicit

Constructs a Table object.

Parameters

conn	the connection to the Cloud Bigtable service. See MakeDataConnection() for how to create a connection. To mock the behavior of Table in your tests, use a bigtable_mocks::MockDataConnection.
tr	identifies the table resource by its project, instance, and table ids.
options	Configuration options for the table. Use AppProfileIdOption to supply an app profile for the Table operations. Or configure retry / backoff / idempotency policies with the options enumerated in DataPolicyOptionList.

Example Using AppProfile

  auto options =
      google::cloud::Options{}.set<cbt::AppProfileIdOption>(profile_id);
  cbt::Table read(connection,
                  cbt::TableResource(project_id, instance_id, table_id),
                  options);
 
  google::cloud::StatusOr<std::pair<bool, cbt::Row>> result =
      read.ReadRow("key-0", cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "c0", "c0"));
  if (!result) throw std::move(result).status();
  if (!result->first) throw std::runtime_error("missing row with key = key-0");
  cbt::Cell const& cell = result->second.cells().front();
  std::cout << cell.family_name() << ":" << cell.column_qualifier() << "    @ "
            << cell.timestamp().count() << "us\n"
            << '"' << cell.value() << '"' << "\n";

Idempotency Policy Example

  using ::google::cloud::Options;
  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
     std::string const& table_id, std::string const& row_key) {
    cbt::Table table(cbt::MakeDataConnection(),
                     cbt::TableResource(project_id, instance_id, table_id),
                     Options{}.set<cbt::IdempotentMutationPolicyOption>(
                         cbt::AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy().clone()));
    // Normally this is not retried on transient failures, because the operation
    // is not idempotent (each retry would set a different timestamp), in this
    // case it would, because the table is setup to always retry.
    cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(
        row_key, cbt::SetCell("fam", "some-column", "some-value"));
    google::cloud::Status status = table.Apply(std::move(mutation));
    if (!status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(status.message());
  }

Modified Retry Policy Example

  using ::google::cloud::Options;
  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
     std::string const& table_id, std::string const& row_key) {
    cbt::Table table(cbt::MakeDataConnection(),
                     cbt::TableResource(project_id, instance_id, table_id),
                     Options{}.set<cbt::DataRetryPolicyOption>(
                         cbt::DataLimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy(7).clone()));
    cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(
        row_key, cbt::SetCell("fam", "some-column",
                              std::chrono::milliseconds(0), "some-value"));
    google::cloud::Status status = table.Apply(std::move(mutation));
    if (!status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(status.message());
  }

Table() [2/5]

google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Table ( std::shared_ptr< DataClient >  client, std::string const &  table_id  )

inline

Constructor with default policies.

Parameters

client	how to communicate with Cloud Bigtable, including credentials, the project id, and the instance id.
table_id	the table id within the instance defined by client. The full table name is client->instance_name() + "/tables/" + table_id.

Deprecated:

google::cloud::bigtable::DataConnection is the preferred way to communicate with the Bigtable Data API. To migrate existing code, see Migrating from DataClient.

Table() [3/5]

google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Table ( std::shared_ptr< DataClient >  client, std::string  app_profile_id, std::string const &  table_id  )

inline

Constructor with default policies.

Parameters

client	how to communicate with Cloud Bigtable, including credentials, the project id, and the instance id.
app_profile_id	the app_profile_id needed for using the replication API.
table_id	the table id within the instance defined by client. The full table name is client->instance_name() + "/tables/" + table_id.

Deprecated:

google::cloud::bigtable::DataConnection is the preferred way to communicate with the Bigtable Data API. To migrate existing code, see Migrating from DataClient.

Table() [4/5]

template<typename... Policies>

google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Table ( std::shared_ptr< DataClient >  client, std::string const &  table_id, Policies &&...  policies  )

inline

Constructor with explicit policies.

The policies are passed by value, because this makes it easy for applications to create them.

Example

using namespace std::chrono_literals; // assuming C++14.
auto client = bigtable::MakeClient(...); // details omitted
bigtable::Table table(client, "my-table",
                      // Allow up to 20 minutes to retry operations
                      bigtable::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy(20min),
                      // Start with 50 milliseconds backoff, grow
                      // exponentially to 5 minutes.
                      bigtable::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(50ms, 5min),
                      // Only retry idempotent mutations.
                      bigtable::SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy());

Parameters

client	how to communicate with Cloud Bigtable, including credentials, the project id, and the instance id.
table_id	the table id within the instance defined by client. The full table name is client->instance_name() + "/tables/" + table_id.
policies	the set of policy overrides for this object.

Template Parameters

Policies

the types of the policies to override, the types must derive from one of the following types:

• IdempotentMutationPolicy which mutations are retried. Use SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy to only retry idempotent operations, use AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy to retry all operations. Read the caveats in the class definition to understand the downsides of the latter. You can also create your own policies that decide which mutations to retry.
• RPCBackoffPolicy how to backoff from a failed RPC. Currently only ExponentialBackoffPolicy is implemented. You can also create your own policies that backoff using a different algorithm.
• RPCRetryPolicy for how long to retry failed RPCs. Use LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy to limit the number of failures allowed. Use LimitedTimeRetryPolicy to bound the time for any request. You can also create your own policies that combine time and error counts.

See also

SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy, AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy, ExponentialBackoffPolicy, LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy, LimitedTimeRetryPolicy.

Deprecated:

google::cloud::bigtable::DataConnection is the preferred way to communicate with the Bigtable Data API. To migrate existing code, see Migrating from DataClient.

Table() [5/5]

template<typename... Policies>

google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Table ( std::shared_ptr< DataClient >  client, std::string  app_profile_id, std::string const &  table_id, Policies &&...  policies  )

inline

Constructor with explicit policies.

The policies are passed by value, because this makes it easy for applications to create them.

Example

using namespace std::chrono_literals; // assuming C++14.
auto client = bigtable::MakeClient(...); // details omitted
bigtable::Table table(client, "app_id", "my-table",
                      // Allow up to 20 minutes to retry operations
                      bigtable::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy(20min),
                      // Start with 50 milliseconds backoff, grow
                      // exponentially to 5 minutes.
                      bigtable::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(50ms, 5min),
                      // Only retry idempotent mutations.
                      bigtable::SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy());

Parameters

client	how to communicate with Cloud Bigtable, including credentials, the project id, and the instance id.
app_profile_id	the app_profile_id needed for using the replication API.
table_id	the table id within the instance defined by client. The full table name is client->instance_name() + "/tables/" + table_id.
policies	the set of policy overrides for this object.

Template Parameters

Policies

the types of the policies to override, the types must derive from one of the following types: IdempotentMutationPolicy which mutations are retried. Use SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy to only retry idempotent operations, use AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy to retry all operations. Read the caveats in the class definition to understand the downsides of the latter. You can also create your own policies that decide which mutations to retry. RPCBackoffPolicy how to backoff from a failed RPC. Currently only ExponentialBackoffPolicy is implemented. You can also create your own policies that backoff using a different algorithm. RPCRetryPolicy for how long to retry failed RPCs. Use LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy to limit the number of failures allowed. Use LimitedTimeRetryPolicy to bound the time for any request. You can also create your own policies that combine time and error counts.

See also

SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy, AlwaysRetryMutationPolicy, ExponentialBackoffPolicy, LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy, LimitedTimeRetryPolicy.

Deprecated:

google::cloud::bigtable::DataConnection is the preferred way to communicate with the Bigtable Data API. To migrate existing code, see Migrating from DataClient.

Member Function Documentation

app_profile_id()

std::string const & google::cloud::bigtable::Table::app_profile_id ( ) const

inline

Apply()

Status google::cloud::bigtable::Table::Apply	(	SingleRowMutation	mut,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Attempts to apply the mutation to a row.

Parameters

mut	the mutation. Note that this function takes ownership (and then discards) the data in the mutation. In general, a SingleRowMutation can be used to modify and/or delete multiple cells, across different columns and column families.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

status of the operation.

Idempotency

This operation is idempotent if the provided mutations are idempotent. Note that google::cloud::bigtable::SetCell() without an explicit timestamp is not an idempotent operation.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    auto timestamp = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
        std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
 
    cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(row_key);
    mutation.emplace_back(
        cbt::SetCell("fam", "column0", timestamp, "value for column0"));
    mutation.emplace_back(
        cbt::SetCell("fam", "column1", timestamp, "value for column1"));
    auto status = table.Apply(std::move(mutation));
    if (!status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(status.message());
  }

AsyncApply()

future< Status > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncApply	(	SingleRowMutation	mut,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Makes asynchronous attempts to apply the mutation to a row.

Parameters

mut	the mutation. Note that this function takes ownership (and then discards) the data in the mutation. In general, a SingleRowMutation can be used to modify and/or delete multiple cells, across different columns and column families.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Idempotency

This operation is idempotent if the provided mutations are idempotent. Note that google::cloud::bigtable::SetCell() without an explicit timestamp is not an idempotent operation.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    auto timestamp = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
        std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
 
    cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(row_key);
    mutation.emplace_back(
        cbt::SetCell("fam", "column0", timestamp, "value for column0"));
    mutation.emplace_back(
        cbt::SetCell("fam", "column1", timestamp, "value for column1"));
 
    future<google::cloud::Status> status_future =
        table.AsyncApply(std::move(mutation));
    auto status = status_future.get();
    if (!status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(status.message());
    std::cout << "Successfully applied mutation\n";
  }

AsyncBulkApply()

future< std::vector< FailedMutation > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncBulkApply	(	BulkMutation	mut,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Makes asynchronous attempts to apply mutations to multiple rows.

These mutations are applied in bulk, in a single MutateRowsRequest RPC. Failures are handled on a per mutation basis. If the result of a mutation is a permanent (non-retryable) error, or if a non-idempotent mutation fails for any reason, the mutation will not be retried. Only idempotent mutations that encounter transient (retryable) errors can be retried. These mutations are collected and retried in bulk. This function will continue to retry any remaining errors until this class's retry policy is exhausted.

It is possible that some mutations may not be attempted at all. These mutations are considered failing and will be returned.

Note

This function takes ownership (and then discards) the data in the mutation. In general, a BulkMutation can modify multiple rows, and the modifications for each row can change (or create) multiple cells, across different columns and column families.

Parameters

mut	the mutations
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

a future to be filled with a list of failed mutations, when the operation is complete.

Idempotency

This operation is idempotent if the provided mutations are idempotent. Note that google::cloud::bigtable::SetCell() without an explicit timestamp is not an idempotent operation.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    // Write several rows in a single operation, each row has some trivial data.
    cbt::BulkMutation bulk;
    for (int i = 0; i != 5000; ++i) {
      // Note: This example uses sequential numeric IDs for simplicity, but
      // this can result in poor performance in a production application.
      // Since rows are stored in sorted order by key, sequential keys can
      // result in poor distribution of operations across nodes.
      //
      // For more information about how to design a Bigtable schema for the
      // best performance, see the documentation:
      //
      //     https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/schema-design
      char buf[32];
      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "key-%06d", i);
      cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(buf);
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col0", "value0-" + std::to_string(i)));
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col1", "value2-" + std::to_string(i)));
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col2", "value3-" + std::to_string(i)));
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col3", "value4-" + std::to_string(i)));
      bulk.emplace_back(std::move(mutation));
    }
 
    table.AsyncBulkApply(std::move(bulk))
        .then([](future<std::vector<cbt::FailedMutation>> ft) {
          auto failures = ft.get();
          if (failures.empty()) {
            std::cout << "All the mutations were successful\n";
            return;
          }
          // By default, the `table` object uses the
          // `SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy` which does not retry if any of the
          // mutations fails and are not idempotent. In this example we simply
          // print such failures, if any, and ignore them otherwise.
          std::cerr << "The following mutations failed and were not retried:\n";
          for (auto const& f : failures) {
            std::cerr << "index[" << f.original_index() << "]=" << f.status()
                      << "\n";
          }
        })
        .get();  // block to simplify the example
  }

AsyncCheckAndMutateRow()

future< StatusOr< MutationBranch > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncCheckAndMutateRow	(	std::string	row_key,
		Filter	filter,
		std::vector< Mutation >	true_mutations,
		std::vector< Mutation >	false_mutations,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Make an asynchronous request to conditionally mutate a row.

Parameters

row_key	the row key on which the conditional mutation will be performed
filter	the condition, depending on which the mutation will be performed
true_mutations	the mutations which will be performed if filter is true
false_mutations	the mutations which will be performed if filter is false
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as non-idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    // Check if the latest value of the flip-flop column is "on".
    cbt::Filter predicate = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "flip-flop", "flip-flop"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1), cbt::Filter::ValueRegex("on"));
    future<StatusOr<cbt::MutationBranch>> branch_future =
        table.AsyncCheckAndMutateRow(row_key, std::move(predicate),
                                     {cbt::SetCell("fam", "flip-flop", "off"),
                                      cbt::SetCell("fam", "flop-flip", "on")},
                                     {cbt::SetCell("fam", "flip-flop", "on"),
                                      cbt::SetCell("fam", "flop-flip", "off")});
 
    branch_future
        .then([](future<StatusOr<cbt::MutationBranch>> f) {
          auto response = f.get();
          if (!response) throw std::move(response).status();
          if (*response == cbt::MutationBranch::kPredicateMatched) {
            std::cout << "The predicate was matched\n";
          } else {
            std::cout << "The predicate was not matched\n";
          }
        })
        .get();  // block to simplify the example.
  }

AsyncReadModifyWriteRow()

template<typename... Args>

future< StatusOr< Row > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncReadModifyWriteRow ( std::string  row_key, bigtable::ReadModifyWriteRule  rule, Args &&...  rules_and_options  )

inline

Make an asynchronous request to atomically read and modify a row.

Template Parameters

Args	this is zero or more ReadModifyWriteRules to apply on a row. Options to override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies are also be passed via this parameter pack.

Parameters

row_key	the row key on which modification will be performed
rule	to modify the row. Two types of rules are applied here AppendValue which will read the existing value and append the text provided to the value. IncrementAmount which will read the existing uint64 big-endian-int and add the value provided. Both rules accept the family and column identifier to modify.
rules_and_options	is the zero or more ReadModifyWriteRules to apply on a row. Options to override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies are also be passed via this parameter pack.

Returns

a future, that becomes satisfied when the operation completes, at that point the future has the contents of all modified cells.

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as non-idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    future<StatusOr<cbt::Row>> row_future = table.AsyncReadModifyWriteRow(
        std::move(row_key),
        cbt::ReadModifyWriteRule::AppendValue("fam", "list", ";element"));
 
    row_future
        .then([](future<StatusOr<cbt::Row>> f) {
          auto row = f.get();
          // As the modify in this example is not idempotent, and this example
          // does not attempt to retry if there is a failure, we simply print
          // such failures, if any, and otherwise ignore them.
          if (!row) {
            std::cout << "Failed to append row: " << row.status().message()
                      << "\n";
            return;
          }
          std::cout << "Successfully appended to " << row->row_key() << "\n";
        })
        .get();  // block to simplify example.
  }

AsyncReadRow()

future< StatusOr< std::pair< bool, Row > > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncReadRow	(	std::string	row_key,
		Filter	filter,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Asynchronously read and return a single row from the table.

Parameters

row_key	the row to read.
filter	a filter expression, can be used to select a subset of the column families and columns in the row.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

a future satisfied when the operation completes, fails permanently or keeps failing transiently, but the retry policy has been exhausted. The future will return a tuple. The first element is a boolean, with value false if the row does not exist. If the first element is true the second element has the contents of the Row. Note that the contents may be empty if the filter expression removes all column families and columns.

Idempotency

This is a read-only operation and therefore it is always idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](google::cloud::bigtable::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    // Filter the results, only include the latest value on each cell.
    cbt::Filter filter = cbt::Filter::Latest(1);
    table.AsyncReadRow(row_key, std::move(filter))
        .then(
            [row_key](future<StatusOr<std::pair<bool, cbt::Row>>> row_future) {
              // Read a row, this returns a tuple (bool, row)
              auto tuple = row_future.get();
              if (!tuple) throw std::move(tuple).status();
              if (!tuple->first) {
                std::cout << "Row " << row_key << " not found\n";
                return;
              }
              std::cout << "key: " << tuple->second.row_key() << "\n";
              for (auto const& cell : tuple->second.cells()) {
                std::cout << "    " << cell.family_name() << ":"
                          << cell.column_qualifier() << " = <";
                if (cell.column_qualifier() == "counter") {
                  // This example uses "counter" to store 64-bit numbers in
                  // big-endian format, extract them as follows:
                  std::cout
                      << cell.decode_big_endian_integer<std::int64_t>().value();
                } else {
                  std::cout << cell.value();
                }
                std::cout << ">\n";
              }
            })
        .get();  // block to simplify the example
  }

AsyncReadRows() [1/2]

template<typename RowFunctor , typename FinishFunctor >

void google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncReadRows ( RowFunctor  on_row, FinishFunctor  on_finish, RowSet  row_set, Filter  filter, Options  opts = {}  )

inline

Asynchronously reads a set of rows from the table.

Parameters

on_row	the callback to be invoked on each successfully read row; it should be invocable with Row and return a future<bool>; the returned future<bool> should be satisfied with true when the user is ready to receive the next callback and with false when the user doesn't want any more rows; if on_row throws, the results are undefined
on_finish	the callback to be invoked when the stream is closed; it should be invocable with Status and not return anything; it will always be called as the last callback; if on_finish throws, the results are undefined
row_set	the rows to read from.
filter	is applied on the server-side to data in the rows.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Template Parameters

RowFunctor	the type of the on_row callback.
FinishFunctor	the type of the on_finish callback.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::make_ready_future;
  using ::google::cloud::promise;
  using ::google::cloud::Status;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    // Create the range of rows to read.
    auto range = cbt::RowRange::Range("key-000010", "key-000020");
    // Filter the results, only include values from the "col0" column in the
    // "fam" column family, and only get the latest value.
    auto filter = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "col0", "col0"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1));
    promise<Status> stream_status_promise;
    // Read and print the rows.
    table.AsyncReadRows(
        [](cbt::Row const& row) {
          if (row.cells().size() != 1) {
            std::cout << "Unexpected number of cells in " << row.row_key()
                      << "\n";
            return make_ready_future(false);
          }
          auto const& cell = row.cells().at(0);
          std::cout << cell.row_key() << " = [" << cell.value() << "]\n";
          return make_ready_future(true);
        },
        [&stream_status_promise](Status const& stream_status) {
          stream_status_promise.set_value(stream_status);
        },
        range, filter);
    Status stream_status = stream_status_promise.get_future().get();
    if (!stream_status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(stream_status.message());
  }

AsyncReadRows() [2/2]

template<typename RowFunctor , typename FinishFunctor >

void google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncReadRows ( RowFunctor  on_row, FinishFunctor  on_finish, RowSet  row_set, std::int64_t  rows_limit, Filter  filter, Options  opts = {}  )

inline

Asynchronously reads a set of rows from the table.

Parameters

on_row	the callback to be invoked on each successfully read row; it should be invocable with Row and return a future<bool>; the returned future<bool> should be satisfied with true when the user is ready to receive the next callback and with false when the user doesn't want any more rows; if on_row throws, the results are undefined
on_finish	the callback to be invoked when the stream is closed; it should be invocable with Status and not return anything; it will always be called as the last callback; if on_finish throws, the results are undefined
row_set	the rows to read from.
rows_limit	the maximum number of rows to read. Cannot be a negative number or zero. Use AsyncReadRows(RowSet, Filter) to read all matching rows.
filter	is applied on the server-side to data in the rows.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Template Parameters

RowFunctor	the type of the on_row callback.
FinishFunctor	the type of the on_finish callback.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread. The callbacks passed to this function may be executed on any thread running the provided completion queue.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::make_ready_future;
  using ::google::cloud::promise;
  using ::google::cloud::Status;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::int64_t const& limit) {
    // Create the range of rows to read.
    auto range = cbt::RowRange::Range("key-000010", "key-000020");
    // Filter the results, only include values from the "col0" column in the
    // "fam" column family, and only get the latest value.
    auto filter = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "col0", "col0"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1));
    promise<Status> stream_status_promise;
    // Read and print the rows.
    table.AsyncReadRows(
        [](cbt::Row const& row) {
          if (row.cells().size() != 1) {
            std::cout << "Unexpected number of cells in " << row.row_key()
                      << "\n";
            return make_ready_future(false);
          }
          auto const& cell = row.cells().at(0);
          std::cout << cell.row_key() << " = [" << cell.value() << "]\n";
          return make_ready_future(true);
        },
        [&stream_status_promise](Status const& stream_status) {
          stream_status_promise.set_value(stream_status);
        },
        range, limit, filter);
    Status stream_status = stream_status_promise.get_future().get();
    if (!stream_status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(stream_status.message());
  }

AsyncSampleRows()

future< StatusOr< std::vector< bigtable::RowKeySample > > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::AsyncSampleRows

(

Options

opts = {}

)

Asynchronously obtains a sample of the row keys in the table, including approximate data sizes.

Returns

a future, that becomes satisfied when the operation completes.

Note

The sample may only include one element for small tables. In addition, the sample may include row keys that do not exist on the table, and may include the empty row key to indicate "end of table".

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Examples

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::future;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    future<StatusOr<std::vector<cbt::RowKeySample>>> samples_future =
        table.AsyncSampleRows();
 
    samples_future
        .then([](future<StatusOr<std::vector<cbt::RowKeySample>>> f) {
          auto samples = f.get();
          if (!samples) throw std::move(samples).status();
          for (auto const& sample : *samples) {
            std::cout << "key=" << sample.row_key << " - "
                      << sample.offset_bytes << "\n";
          }
        })
        .get();  // block to simplify the example.
  }

BulkApply()

std::vector< FailedMutation > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::BulkApply	(	BulkMutation	mut,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Attempts to apply mutations to multiple rows.

These mutations are applied in bulk, in a single MutateRowsRequest RPC. Failures are handled on a per mutation basis. If the result of a mutation is a permanent (non-retryable) error, or if a non-idempotent mutation fails for any reason, the mutation will not be retried. Only idempotent mutations that encounter transient (retryable) errors can be retried. These mutations are collected and retried in bulk. This function will continue to retry any remaining errors until this class's retry policy is exhausted.

It is possible that some mutations may not be attempted at all. These mutations are considered failing and will be returned.

Note

This function takes ownership (and then discards) the data in the mutation. In general, a BulkMutation can modify multiple rows, and the modifications for each row can change (or create) multiple cells, across different columns and column families.

Parameters

mut	the mutations
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

a list of failed mutations

Idempotency

This operation is idempotent if the provided mutations are idempotent. Note that google::cloud::bigtable::SetCell() without an explicit timestamp is not an idempotent operation.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    // Write several rows in a single operation, each row has some trivial data.
    cbt::BulkMutation bulk;
    for (int i = 0; i != 5000; ++i) {
      // Note: This example uses sequential numeric IDs for simplicity, but
      // this can result in poor performance in a production application.
      // Since rows are stored in sorted order by key, sequential keys can
      // result in poor distribution of operations across nodes.
      //
      // For more information about how to design a Bigtable schema for the
      // best performance, see the documentation:
      //
      //     https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/schema-design
      char buf[32];
      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "key-%06d", i);
      cbt::SingleRowMutation mutation(buf);
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col0", "value0-" + std::to_string(i)));
      mutation.emplace_back(
          cbt::SetCell("fam", "col1", "value1-" + std::to_string(i)));
      bulk.emplace_back(std::move(mutation));
    }
    std::vector<cbt::FailedMutation> failures =
        table.BulkApply(std::move(bulk));
    if (failures.empty()) {
      std::cout << "All mutations applied successfully\n";
      return;
    }
    // By default, the `table` object uses the `SafeIdempotentMutationPolicy`
    // which does not retry if any of the mutations fails and are
    // not-idempotent. In this example we simply print such failures, if any,
    // and ignore them otherwise.
    std::cerr << "The following mutations failed and were not retried:\n";
    for (auto const& f : failures) {
      std::cerr << "index[" << f.original_index() << "]=" << f.status() << "\n";
    }
  }

CheckAndMutateRow()

StatusOr< MutationBranch > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::CheckAndMutateRow	(	std::string	row_key,
		Filter	filter,
		std::vector< Mutation >	true_mutations,
		std::vector< Mutation >	false_mutations,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Atomic test-and-set for a row using filter expressions.

Atomically check the value of a row using a filter expression. If the expression passes (meaning at least one element is returned by it), one set of mutations is applied. If the filter does not pass, a different set of mutations is applied. The changes are atomically applied in the server.

Parameters

row_key	the row to modify.
filter	the filter expression.
true_mutations	the mutations for the "filter passed" case.
false_mutations	the mutations for the "filter did not pass" case.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

true if the filter passed.

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as non-idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Check for Value Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    // Check if the latest value of the flip-flop column is "on".
    cbt::Filter predicate = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "flip-flop", "flip-flop"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1), cbt::Filter::ValueRegex("on"));
    // If the predicate matches, change the latest value to "off", otherwise,
    // change the latest value to "on".  Modify the "flop-flip" column at the
    // same time.
    StatusOr<cbt::MutationBranch> branch =
        table.CheckAndMutateRow(row_key, std::move(predicate),
                                {cbt::SetCell("fam", "flip-flop", "off"),
                                 cbt::SetCell("fam", "flop-flip", "on")},
                                {cbt::SetCell("fam", "flip-flop", "on"),
                                 cbt::SetCell("fam", "flop-flip", "off")});
 
    if (!branch) throw std::move(branch).status();
    if (*branch == cbt::MutationBranch::kPredicateMatched) {
      std::cout << "The predicate was matched\n";
    } else {
      std::cout << "The predicate was not matched\n";
    }
  }

Check for Cell Presence Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    // Check if the latest value of the "test-column" column is present,
    // regardless of its value.
    cbt::Filter predicate = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("fam", "test-column", "test-column"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1));
    // If the predicate matches, do nothing, otherwise set the
    // "had-test-column" to "false":
    StatusOr<cbt::MutationBranch> branch = table.CheckAndMutateRow(
        row_key, std::move(predicate), {},
        {cbt::SetCell("fam", "had-test-column", "false")});
 
    if (!branch) throw std::move(branch).status();
    if (*branch == cbt::MutationBranch::kPredicateMatched) {
      std::cout << "The predicate was matched\n";
    } else {
      std::cout << "The predicate was not matched\n";
    }
  }

instance_id()

std::string const & google::cloud::bigtable::Table::instance_id ( ) const

inline

project_id()

std::string const & google::cloud::bigtable::Table::project_id ( ) const

inline

ReadModifyWriteRow()

template<typename... Args>

StatusOr< Row > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::ReadModifyWriteRow ( std::string  row_key, bigtable::ReadModifyWriteRule  rule, Args &&...  rules_and_options  )

inline

Atomically read and modify the row in the server, returning the resulting row.

Template Parameters

Args	this is zero or more ReadModifyWriteRules to apply on a row. Options to override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies are also be passed via this parameter pack.

Parameters

row_key	the row to read
rule	to modify the row. Two types of rules are applied here AppendValue which will read the existing value and append the text provided to the value. IncrementAmount which will read the existing uint64 big-endian-int and add the value provided. Both rules accept the family and column identifier to modify.
rules_and_options	is the zero or more ReadModifyWriteRules to apply on a row. Options to override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies are also be passed via this parameter pack.

Returns

the new contents of all modified cells.

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as non-idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    StatusOr<cbt::Row> row = table.ReadModifyWriteRow(
        row_key, cbt::ReadModifyWriteRule::IncrementAmount("fam", "counter", 1),
        cbt::ReadModifyWriteRule::AppendValue("fam", "list", ";element"));
 
    // As the modify in this example is not idempotent, and this example
    // does not attempt to retry if there is a failure, we simply print
    // such failures, if any, and otherwise ignore them.
    if (!row) {
      std::cout << "Failed to append row: " << row.status().message() << "\n";
      return;
    }
    // Print the contents of the row
    std::cout << row->row_key() << "\n";
    for (auto const& cell : row->cells()) {
      std::cout << "    " << cell.family_name() << ":"
                << cell.column_qualifier() << " = <";
      if (cell.column_qualifier() == "counter") {
        // This example uses "counter" to store 64-bit numbers in big-endian
        // format, extract them as follows:
        std::cout << cell.decode_big_endian_integer<std::int64_t>().value();
      } else {
        std::cout << cell.value();
      }
      std::cout << ">\n";
    }
  }

ReadRow()

StatusOr< std::pair< bool, Row > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::ReadRow	(	std::string	row_key,
		Filter	filter,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Read and return a single row from the table.

Parameters

row_key	the row to read.
filter	a filter expression, can be used to select a subset of the column families and columns in the row.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Returns

a tuple, the first element is a boolean, with value false if the row does not exist. If the first element is true the second element has the contents of the Row. Note that the contents may be empty if the filter expression removes all column families and columns.

Idempotency

This is a read-only operation and therefore it is always idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](google::cloud::bigtable::Table table, std::string const& row_key) {
    StatusOr<std::pair<bool, cbt::Row>> tuple = table.ReadRow(
        row_key, cbt::Filter::ColumnName("stats_summary", "os_build"));
    if (!tuple) throw std::move(tuple).status();
    if (!tuple->first) {
      std::cout << "Row " << row_key << " not found\n";
      return;
    }
    PrintRow(tuple->second);
  }

ReadRows() [1/2]

RowReader google::cloud::bigtable::Table::ReadRows	(	RowSet	row_set,
		Filter	filter,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Reads a set of rows from the table.

Parameters

row_set	the rows to read from.
filter	is applied on the server-side to data in the rows.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Idempotency

This is a read-only operation and therefore it is always idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread. The values returned by different calls are independent with respect to thread-safety, please see the RowReader documentation for more details.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    // Read and print the rows.
    for (auto& row :
         table.ReadRows(cbt::RowRange::Range("phone#4c410523#20190501",
                                             "phone#4c410523#201906201"),
                        cbt::Filter::PassAllFilter())) {
      if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
      PrintRow(*row);
    }
  }

ReadRows() [2/2]

RowReader google::cloud::bigtable::Table::ReadRows	(	RowSet	row_set,
		std::int64_t	rows_limit,
		Filter	filter,
		Options	opts = {}
	)

Reads a limited set of rows from the table.

Parameters

row_set	the rows to read from.
rows_limit	the maximum number of rows to read. Cannot be a negative number or zero. Use ReadRows(RowSet, Filter) to read all matching rows.
filter	is applied on the server-side to data in the rows.
opts	(Optional) Override the class-level options, such as retry, backoff, and idempotency policies.

Idempotency

This is a read-only operation and therefore it is always idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread. The values returned by different calls are independent with respect to thread-safety, please see the RowReader documentation for more details.

Example

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table, std::int64_t limit) {
    // Create the range of rows to read.
    auto range = cbt::RowRange::Range("phone#4c410523#20190501",
                                      "phone#4c410523#20190502");
    // Filter the results, only include values from the "connected_wifi" column
    // in the "stats_summary" column family, and only get the latest value.
    cbt::Filter filter = cbt::Filter::Chain(
        cbt::Filter::ColumnRangeClosed("stats_summary", "connected_wifi",
                                       "connected_wifi"),
        cbt::Filter::Latest(1));
    // Read and print the first rows in the range, within the row limit.
    for (auto& row : table.ReadRows(range, limit, filter)) {
      if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
      if (row->cells().size() != 1) {
        std::ostringstream os;
        os << "Unexpected number of cells in " << row->row_key();
        throw std::runtime_error(os.str());
      }
      auto const& cell = row->cells().at(0);
      std::cout << cell.row_key() << " = [" << cell.value() << "]\n";
    }
  }

SampleRows()

StatusOr< std::vector< bigtable::RowKeySample > > google::cloud::bigtable::Table::SampleRows

(

Options

opts = {}

)

Sample of the row keys in the table, including approximate data sizes.

Note

The sample may only include one element for small tables. In addition, the sample may include row keys that do not exist on the table, and may include the empty row key to indicate "end of table".

Idempotency

This operation is always treated as idempotent.

Thread-safety

Two threads concurrently calling this member function on the same instance of this class are not guaranteed to work. Consider copying the object and using different copies in each thread.

Examples

  namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](cbt::Table table) {
    StatusOr<std::vector<cbt::RowKeySample>> samples = table.SampleRows();
    if (!samples) throw std::move(samples).status();
    for (auto const& sample : *samples) {
      std::cout << "key=" << sample.row_key << " - " << sample.offset_bytes
                << "\n";
    }
  }

table_id()

std::string const & google::cloud::bigtable::Table::table_id ( ) const

inline

table_name()

std::string const & google::cloud::bigtable::Table::table_name ( ) const

inline

WithNewTarget() [1/2]

Table google::cloud::bigtable::Table::WithNewTarget ( std::string  project_id, std::string  instance_id, std::string  app_profile_id, std::string  table_id  ) const

inline

Returns a Table that reuses the connection and configuration of this Table, but with a different resource name.

WithNewTarget() [2/2]

Table google::cloud::bigtable::Table::WithNewTarget ( std::string  project_id, std::string  instance_id, std::string  table_id  ) const

inline

Returns a Table that reuses the connection and configuration of this Table, but with a different resource name.

Note

The app profile id is copied from this Table.

Friends And Related Function Documentation

MutationBatcher

friend class MutationBatcher

friend