Snapshot

Snapshot

This transaction type provides guaranteed consistency across several reads, but does not allow writes. Snapshot read-only transactions can be configured to read at timestamps in the past.

When finished with the Snapshot, call Snapshot#end to release the underlying Session. Failure to do so can result in a Session leak.

This object is created and returned from Database#getSnapshot.

Constructor

new Snapshot(session, optionsopt, queryOptionsopt)

Parameters:
Name Type Attributes Description
session Session

The parent Session object.
options TimestampBounds <optional>

Snapshot timestamp bounds.
queryOptions QueryOptions <optional>

Default query options to use when none are specified for a query.
See:
Example
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');
const spanner = new Spanner();

const instance = spanner.instance('my-instance');
const database = instance.database('my-database');

const timestampBounds = {
  strong: true
};

database.getSnapshot(timestampBounds, (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  // It should be called when the snapshot finishes.
  transaction.end();
});

Members

ended

Whether or not the transaction has ended. If true, make no further requests, and discard the transaction.

id

The transaction ID.

metadata

The raw transaction response object. It is populated after Snapshot#begin is called.

readTimestamp

Snapshot only The timestamp at which all reads are performed.

readTimestampProto

Snapshot only The protobuf version of Snapshot#readTimestamp. This is useful if you require microsecond precision.

Methods

begin(gaxOptionsopt, callbackopt) → {Promise.<TransactionBeginResponse>}

Begin a new transaction. Typically, you need not call this unless manually creating transactions via Session objects.

Parameters:
Name Type Attributes Description
gaxOptions object <optional>

Request configuration options, See CallOptions for more details.
callback TransactionBeginCallback <optional>

Callback function.
Returns:
Type Description
Promise.<TransactionBeginResponse>
See:
Examples
transaction.begin(function(err) {
  if (!err) {
    // transaction began successfully.
  }
});

If the callback is omitted, the function returns a Promise 

transaction.begin()
  .then(function(data) {
    const apiResponse = data[0];
  });

createReadStream(table, query) → {ReadableStream}

Create a readable object stream to receive rows from the database using key lookups and scans.

Wrapper around v1.SpannerClient#streamingRead.

Parameters:
Name Type Description
table string

The table to read from.
query ReadRequest

Configuration object. See official ReadRequest. API documentation.
Returns:
Type Description
ReadableStream

A readable stream that emits rows.
See:
Fires:
  • PartialResultStream#event:response
  • PartialResultStream#event:stats
Examples
transaction.createReadStream('Singers', {
    keys: ['1'],
    columns: ['SingerId', 'name']
  })
  .on('error', function(err) {})
  .on('data', function(row) {
    // row = [
    //   {
    //     name: 'SingerId',
    //     value: '1'
    //   },
    //   {
    //     name: 'Name',
    //     value: 'Eddie Wilson'
    //   }
    // ]
  })
  .on('end', function() {
    // All results retrieved.
  });

Provide an array for `query.keys` to read with a composite key. 

const query = {
  keys: [
    [
      'Id1',
      'Name1'
    ],
    [
      'Id2',
      'Name2'
    ]
  ],
  // ...
};

Rows are returned as an array of object arrays. Each object has a `name` and `value` property. To get a serialized object, call `toJSON()`. 

transaction.createReadStream('Singers', {
    keys: ['1'],
    columns: ['SingerId', 'name']
  })
  .on('error', function(err) {})
  .on('data', function(row) {
    // row.toJSON() = {
    //   SingerId: '1',
    //   Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
    // }
  })
  .on('end', function() {
    // All results retrieved.
  });

Alternatively, set `query.json` to `true`, and this step will perform automatically. 

transaction.createReadStream('Singers', {
    keys: ['1'],
    columns: ['SingerId', 'name'],
    json: true,
  })
  .on('error', function(err) {})
  .on('data', function(row) {
    // row = {
    //   SingerId: '1',
    //   Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
    // }
  })
  .on('end', function() {
    // All results retrieved.
  });

If you anticipate many results, you can end a stream early to prevent unnecessary processing and API requests. 

transaction.createReadStream('Singers', {
    keys: ['1'],
    columns: ['SingerId', 'name']
  })
  .on('data', function(row) {
    this.end();
  });

end()

Let the client know you're done with a particular transaction. This should mainly be called for Snapshot objects, however in certain cases you may want to call them for Transaction objects as well.

Examples

Calling `end` on a read only snapshot 

database.getSnapshot((err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  transaction.run('SELECT * FROM Singers', (err, rows) => {
    if (err) {
      // Error handling omitted.
    }

    // End the snapshot.
    transaction.end();
  });
});

Calling `end` on a read/write transaction 

database.runTransaction((err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  const query = 'UPDATE Account SET Balance = 1000 WHERE Key = 1';

  transaction.runUpdate(query, err => {
    if (err) {
      // In the event of an error, there would be nothing to rollback,
so
      // instead of continuing, discard the
transaction. transaction.end(); return;
    }

    transaction.commit(err => {});
  });
});

read(table, query, callbackopt) → {Promise.<TransactionRequestReadResponse>}

Performs a read request against the specified Table.

Wrapper around v1.SpannerClient#read.

Parameters:
Name Type Attributes Description
table string

The table to read from.
query ReadRequest

Configuration object. See official ReadRequest. API documentation.
callback TransactionRequestReadCallback <optional>

Callback function.
Returns:
Type Description
Promise.<TransactionRequestReadResponse>
See:
Examples
const query = {
  keys: ['1'],
  columns: ['SingerId', 'name']
};

transaction.read('Singers', query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  const firstRow = rows[0];

  // firstRow = [
  //   {
  //     name: 'SingerId',
  //     value: '1'
  //   },
  //   {
  //     name: 'Name',
  //     value: 'Eddie Wilson'
  //   }
  // ]
});

Provide an array for `query.keys` to read with a composite key. 

const query = {
  keys: [
    [
      'Id1',
      'Name1'
    ],
    [
      'Id2',
      'Name2'
    ]
  ],
  // ...
};

Rows are returned as an array of object arrays. Each object has a `name` and `value` property. To get a serialized object, call `toJSON()`. 

transaction.read('Singers', query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  const firstRow = rows[0];

  // firstRow.toJSON() = {
  //   SingerId: '1',
  //   Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
  // }
});

Alternatively, set `query.json` to `true`, and this step will perform automatically. 

query.json = true;

transaction.read('Singers', query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  const firstRow = rows[0];

  // firstRow = {
  //   SingerId: '1',
  //   Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
  // }
});

run(query, callbackopt) → {Promise.<RunResponse>}

Execute a SQL statement on this database inside of a transaction.

Performance Considerations:

This method wraps the streaming method, Snapshot#run for your convenience. All rows are stored in memory before releasing to your callback. If you intend to receive a lot of results from your query, consider using the streaming method, so you can free each result from memory after consuming it.

Wrapper around v1.SpannerClient#executeStreamingSql.

Parameters:
Name Type Attributes Description
query string | ExecuteSqlRequest

A SQL query or ExecuteSqlRequest object.
callback RunCallback <optional>

Callback function.
Returns:
Type Description
Promise.<RunResponse>
See:
Examples
transaction.run(query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }

  // rows = [
  //   {
  //     SingerId: '1',
  //     Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
  //   }
  // ]
});

The SQL query string can contain parameter placeholders. A parameter placeholder consists of '@' followed by the parameter name. 

const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT * FROM Singers WHERE name = @name',
  params: {
    name: 'Eddie Wilson'
  }
};

transaction.run(query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }
});

If you need to enforce a specific param type, a types map can be provided. This is typically useful if your param value can be null. 

const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT * FROM Singers WHERE name = @name AND id = @id',
  params: {
    id: spanner.int(8),
    name: null
  },
  types: {
    id: 'int64',
    name: 'string'
  }
};

transaction.run(query, function(err, rows) {
  if (err) {
    // Error handling omitted.
  }
});

runStream(query) → {ReadableStream}

Create a readable object stream to receive resulting rows from a SQL statement.

Wrapper around v1.SpannerClient#executeStreamingSql.

Parameters:
Name Type Description
query string | ExecuteSqlRequest

A SQL query or ExecuteSqlRequest object.
Returns:
Type Description
ReadableStream
See:
Fires:
  • PartialResultStream#event:response
  • PartialResultStream#event:stats
Examples
const query = 'SELECT * FROM Singers';

transaction.runStream(query)
  .on('error', function(err) {})
  .on('data', function(row) {
    // row = {
    //   SingerId: '1',
    //   Name: 'Eddie Wilson'
    // }
  })
  .on('end', function() {
    // All results retrieved.
  });

The SQL query string can contain parameter placeholders. A parameter placeholder consists of '@' followed by the parameter name. 

const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT * FROM Singers WHERE name = @name',
  params: {
    name: 'Eddie Wilson'
  }
};

transaction.runStream(query)
  .on('error', function(err) {})
  .on('data', function(row) {})
  .on('end', function() {});

If you anticipate many results, you can end a stream early to prevent unnecessary processing and API requests. 

transaction.runStream(query)
  .on('data', function(row) {
    this.end();
  });